{"id":"sn51.11","title":"Before","languageCodes":["en","pi"],"languageNotes":{"en":"Bhikkhu Sujato · CC0","pi":"Mahāsaṅgīti edition · SuttaCentral"},"chapters":[{"id":"sn51.11","title":"Before","units":[{"id":"sn51.11:0","sourceIds":["sn51.11:0.1","sn51.11:0.2","sn51.11:0.3"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Saṁyutta Nikāya 51.11\n2. Pāsādakampanavagga\nPubbasutta","en":"Linked Discourses 51.11\n2. Shaking the Stilt Longhouse\nBefore"}},{"id":"sn51.11:1","sourceIds":["sn51.11:1.1","sn51.11:1.2","sn51.11:1.3","sn51.11:1.4","sn51.11:1.5","sn51.11:1.6","sn51.11:1.7","sn51.11:1.8","sn51.11:1.9","sn51.11:1.10","sn51.11:1.11"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Sāvatthinidānaṁ.\n“Pubbeva me, bhikkhave, sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato etadahosi:\n‘ko nu kho hetu, ko paccayo iddhipādabhāvanāyā’ti?\nTassa mayhaṁ, bhikkhave, etadahosi:\n‘idha bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti—\niti me chando na ca atilīno bhavissati, na ca atippaggahito bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṁ saṅkhitto bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhitto bhavissati.\nPacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—\nyathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure;\nyathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho;\nyathā divā tathā rattiṁ, yathā rattiṁ tathā divā.\nIti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti’.","en":"At Sāvatthī.\n“Mendicants, before my awakening—when I was still unawakened but intent on awakening—I thought:\n‘What’s the cause, what’s the reason for the development of the bases of psychic power?’\nThen it occurred to me:\n‘It’s when a mendicant develops the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to enthusiasm, and active effort.\nThey think: “My enthusiasm won’t be too lax or too tense. And it’ll be neither constricted internally nor scattered externally.”\nAnd they meditate perceiving before and behind:\nas before, so behind; as behind, so before;\nas below, so above; as above, so below;\nas by day, so by night; as by night, so by day.\nAnd so, with an open and unenveloped heart, they develop a mind that’s full of radiance."}},{"id":"sn51.11:2","sourceIds":["sn51.11:2.1","sn51.11:2.2","sn51.11:2.3","sn51.11:2.4","sn51.11:2.5","sn51.11:2.6","sn51.11:2.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Vīriyasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti—\niti me vīriyaṁ na ca atilīnaṁ bhavissati, na ca atippaggahitaṁ bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittaṁ bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhittaṁ bhavissati.\nPacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—\nyathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure;\nyathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho;\nyathā divā tathā rattiṁ, yathā rattiṁ tathā divā.\nIti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti.","en":"They develop the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to energy …"}},{"id":"sn51.11:3","sourceIds":["sn51.11:3.1","sn51.11:3.2","sn51.11:3.3","sn51.11:3.4","sn51.11:3.5","sn51.11:3.6","sn51.11:3.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Cittasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti—\niti me cittaṁ na ca atilīnaṁ bhavissati, na ca atippaggahitaṁ bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittaṁ bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhittaṁ bhavissati.\nPacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—\nyathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure;\nyathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho;\nyathā divā tathā rattiṁ, yathā rattiṁ tathā divā.\nIti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti.","en":"mental development …"}},{"id":"sn51.11:4","sourceIds":["sn51.11:4.1","sn51.11:4.2","sn51.11:4.3","sn51.11:4.4","sn51.11:4.5","sn51.11:4.6","sn51.11:4.7"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Vīmaṁsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti—\niti me vīmaṁsā na ca atilīnā bhavissati, na ca atippaggahitā bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittā bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhittā bhavissati.\nPacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—\nyathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure;\nyathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho;\nyathā divā tathā rattiṁ, yathā rattiṁ tathā divā.\nIti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti.","en":"inquiry, and active effort.\nThey think: “My inquiry won’t be too lax or too tense. And it’ll be neither constricted internally nor scattered externally.”\nAnd they meditate perceiving before and behind:\nas before, so behind; as behind, so before;\nas below, so above; as above, so below;\nas by day, so by night; as by night, so by day.\nAnd so, with an open and unenveloped heart, they develop a mind that’s full of radiance.’"}},{"id":"sn51.11:5","sourceIds":["sn51.11:5.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhu, catūsu iddhipādesu evaṁ bahulīkatesu, anekavihitaṁ iddhividhaṁ paccanubhoti—ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti; āvibhāvaṁ, tirobhāvaṁ; tirokuṭṭaṁ tiropākāraṁ tiropabbataṁ asajjamāno gacchati, seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṁ karoti, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchati, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṁ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṁmahiddhike evaṁmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimasati parimajjati; yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṁ vatteti.","en":"When the four bases of psychic power have been developed and cultivated in this way, they wield the many kinds of psychic power: multiplying themselves and becoming one again; materializing and dematerializing; going unobstructed through a wall, a rampart, or a mountain as if through space; diving in and out of the earth as if it were water; walking on water as if it were earth; flying cross-legged through the sky like a bird; touching and stroking with the hand the sun and moon, so mighty and powerful; controlling the body as far as the realm of divinity."}},{"id":"sn51.11:6","sourceIds":["sn51.11:6.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhu, catūsu iddhipādesu evaṁ bahulīkatesu dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāti—dibbe ca mānuse ca, dūre santike cāti.","en":"When the four bases of psychic power have been developed and cultivated in this way, with clairaudience that is purified and superhuman they hear both kinds of sounds, human and heavenly, whether near or far."}},{"id":"sn51.11:7","sourceIds":["sn51.11:7.1","sn51.11:7.2","sn51.11:7.3","sn51.11:7.4","sn51.11:7.5","sn51.11:7.6","sn51.11:7.7","sn51.11:7.8","sn51.11:7.9","sn51.11:7.10","sn51.11:7.11","sn51.11:7.12","sn51.11:7.13","sn51.11:7.14","sn51.11:7.15","sn51.11:7.16","sn51.11:7.17"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhu, catūsu iddhipādesu evaṁ bahulīkatesu, parasattānaṁ parapuggalānaṁ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti.\nSarāgaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sarāgaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti;\nvītarāgaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vītarāgaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti;\nsadosaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sadosaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti;\nvītadosaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vītadosaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti;\nsamohaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘samohaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti;\nvītamohaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vītamohaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti;\nsaṅkhittaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘saṅkhittaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti;\nvikkhittaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vikkhittaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti;\nmahaggataṁ vā cittaṁ ‘mahaggataṁ cittan’ti pajānāti;\namahaggataṁ vā cittaṁ ‘amahaggataṁ cittan’ti pajānāti;\nsauttaraṁ vā cittaṁ ‘sauttaraṁ cittan’ti pajānāti;\nanuttaraṁ vā cittaṁ ‘anuttaraṁ cittan’ti pajānāti;\nsamāhitaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘samāhitaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti;\nasamāhitaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘asamāhitaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti;\nvimuttaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘vimuttaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti;\navimuttaṁ vā cittaṁ ‘avimuttaṁ cittan’ti pajānāti.","en":"When the four bases of psychic power have been developed and cultivated in this way, they understand the minds of other beings and individuals, having encompassed them with their own mind.\nThey understand mind with greed as ‘mind with greed’,\nand mind without greed as ‘mind without greed’.\nThey understand mind with hate …\nmind without hate …\nmind with delusion …\nmind without delusion …\nconstricted mind …\nscattered mind …\nexpansive mind …\nunexpansive mind …\nmind that is not supreme …\nmind that is supreme …\nmind immersed in samādhi …\nmind not immersed in samādhi …\nfreed mind …\nThey understand unfreed mind as ‘unfreed mind’."}},{"id":"sn51.11:8","sourceIds":["sn51.11:8.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhu, catūsu iddhipādesu evaṁ bahulīkatesu, anekavihitaṁ pubbenivāsaṁ anussarati, seyyathidaṁ—ekampi jātiṁ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṁsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekepi saṁvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṁvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe: ‘amutrāsiṁ evaṁnāmo evaṅgotto evaṁvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṁsukhadukkhappaṭisaṁvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṁ; tatrāpāsiṁ evaṁnāmo evaṅgotto evaṁvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṁsukhadukkhappaṭisaṁvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṁ sauddesaṁ anekavihitaṁ pubbenivāsaṁ anussarati.","en":"When the four bases of psychic power have been developed and cultivated in this way, they recollect many kinds of past lives. That is: one, two, three, four, five, ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, a hundred, a thousand, a hundred thousand rebirths; many eons of the world contracting, many eons of the world expanding, many eons of the world contracting and expanding. They remember: ‘There, I was named this, my clan was that, I looked like this, and that was my food. This was how I felt pleasure and pain, and that was how my life ended. When I passed away from that place I was reborn somewhere else. There, too, I was named this, my clan was that, I looked like this, and that was my food. This was how I felt pleasure and pain, and that was how my life ended. When I passed away from that place I was reborn here.’ And so they recollect their many kinds of past lives, with features and details."}},{"id":"sn51.11:9","sourceIds":["sn51.11:9.1"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhu, catūsu iddhipādesu evaṁ bahulīkatesu, dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti: ‘ime vata, bhonto, sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṁ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapannā. Ime vā pana, bhonto, sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṁ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapannā’ti. Iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte, suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti.","en":"When the four bases of psychic power have been developed and cultivated in this way, with clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman, they see sentient beings passing away and being reborn—inferior and superior, beautiful and ugly, in a good place or a bad place. They understand how sentient beings pass on according to their deeds. ‘These dear beings did bad things by way of body, speech, and mind. They denounced the noble ones; they had wrong view; and they chose to act out of that wrong view. When their body broke up, after death, they were reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell. These dear beings, however, did good things by way of body, speech, and mind. They never denounced the noble ones; they had right view; and they chose to act out of that right view. When their body broke up, after death, they were reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.’ And so, with clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman, they see sentient beings passing away and being reborn—inferior and superior, beautiful and ugly, in a good place or a bad place. They understand how sentient beings pass on according to their deeds."}},{"id":"sn51.11:10","sourceIds":["sn51.11:10.1","sn51.11:10.2"],"kind":"text","text":{"pi":"Evaṁ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhu, catūsu iddhipādesu evaṁ bahulīkatesu, āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī”ti.\nPaṭhamaṁ.","en":"When the four bases of psychic power have been developed and cultivated in this way, they realize the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom. And they live having realized it with their own insight in this very life due to the ending of defilements.”"}}]}],"sourceRevision":"afdafa92450cfe7573b280da50382888323666d2","sourceUrl":"https://suttacentral.net/sn51.11/en/sujato","licence":"CC0 1.0","licenceUrl":"https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","editionNote":"Full supplied source file; inherited abbreviations are preserved. Not a reconstructed expansion of every repetition. No Malay or Mandarin translation is implied."}